Simula introduced important concepts that are today an essential part of object-oriented programming, such as class and object, inheritance, and dynamic binding. Īlso, an MIT ALGOL version, AED-0, established a direct link between data structures ('plexes', in that dialect) and procedures, prefiguring what were later termed 'messages', 'methods', and 'member functions'. I thought of objects being like biological cells and/or individual computers on a network, only able to communicate with messages (so messaging came at the very beginning – it took a while to see how to do messaging in a programming language efficiently enough to be useful).Īnother early MIT example was Sketchpad created by Ivan Sutherland in 1960–1961 in the glossary of the 1963 technical report based on his dissertation about Sketchpad, Sutherland defined notions of 'object' and 'instance' (with the class concept covered by 'master' or 'definition'), albeit specialized to graphical interaction. Significant object-oriented languages include: Ada, ActionScript, C++, Common Lisp, C#, Dart, Eiffel, Fortran 2003, Haxe, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, logo, MATLAB, Objective-C, Object Pascal, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Raku, Ruby, Scala, SIMSCRIPT, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala and Visual Basic.NET. Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree, typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. OOP languages are diverse, but the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which also determine their types.

In OOP, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another. In this brand of OOP, there is usually a special name such as this or self used to refer to the current object. The data is in the form of fields (often known as attributes or properties), and the code is in the form of procedures (often known as methods).Ī common feature of objects is that procedures (or methods) are attached to them and can access and modify the object's data fields. Object-oriented programming ( OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of ' objects', which can contain data and code.

For other meanings of object-oriented, see Object-orientation.

Kotlin any to object